Randomized controlled trials of continuous stimulant therapy for the treatment of ADHD spanning 2 years have demonstrated treatment effectiveness and safety. Reviews of clinical stimulant research have established the safety and effectiveness of long-term continuous amphetamine use for the treatment of ADHD. Reviews of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies suggest that long-term treatment with amphetamine decreases abnormalities in brain structure and function found in subjects with ADHD, and improves function in several parts of the brain, such as the right caudate nucleus of the basal ganglia. Long-term amphetamine exposure at sufficiently high doses in some animal species is known to produce abnormal dopamine system development or nerve damage, but, in humans with ADHD, long-term use of pharmaceutical amphetamines at therapeutic doses appears to improve brain development and nerve growth. Individuals over the age of 65 were not commonly tested in clinical trials of lisdexamfetamine for ADHD. Lisdexamfetamine is used primarily as a treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and binge eating disorder it has similar off-label uses as those of other pharmaceutical amphetamines. Part of this section is transcluded from amphetamine. It is a Class B controlled substance in the United Kingdom and a Schedule II controlled substance in the United States. In 2020, it was the 85th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 8 million prescriptions. Lisdexamfetamine was approved for medical use in the United States in 2007. Chemically, lisdexamfetamine is composed of the amino acid L-lysine, attached to dextroamphetamine. Lisdexamfetamine is an inactive prodrug that works after being converted by the body into dextroamphetamine, a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant. Its use during pregnancy may result in harm to the baby and use during breastfeeding is not recommended by the manufacturer. Serotonin syndrome may occur if used with certain other medications. It has a high potential for substance abuse per the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). Rare but serious side effects include mania, sudden cardiac death in those with underlying heart problems, and psychosis. Ĭommon side effects of lisdexamfetamine include loss of appetite, anxiety, diarrhea, trouble sleeping, irritability, and nausea. In the United Kingdom, it is usually less preferred than methylphenidate for the treatment of children. Its effects generally begin within two hours and last for up to 14 hours. Lisdexamfetamine, most commonly sold under the brand name Vyvanse (in the United States and Canada) and Elvanse (in most European countries) among others, is a stimulant medication that is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adults, and for moderate-to-severe binge eating disorder in adults.
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